to the next, until everything would disappear into emptiness, the cycle would repeat itself, and new worlds would emerge in which identical happenings would again occur. To them, history was a mad race, dragging everything with it in a senseless danse macabre, repeating the cycle time and again from here to eternity. But that misses the essence of history. We today have realized that history must be more than deadly repetition. We have examined the question of why things unfold as they do, and we